An Engineers Quick References to Mathematics

Smith Chart Graph Paper

Semi-Log Engineering Graph Paper

Log-Log Engineering Graph Paper

General Purpose Engineering Graph Paper

eCalc is a free and easy-to-use scientific calculator that supports many advanced features, including unit conversion, equation solving, and even complex-number math. eCalc is offered as both a free online calculator and as a downloadable calculator.

Coplanar traces are common in printed circuit boards. One trace is the signal and the other is the return path applied to this inductance calculator.

eCalc is a free and easy-to-use basic calculator that supports basic calculation features.

The inductance of a broadside coupled trace is easy to calculate. Broadside coupled traces are on adjacent planes and the return is identical to the trace in width and length. It is important to note that in industry we can find that some differential pairs are routed this way for a strong coupling, but the actual return for the signal is on a power plane.

An Engineers Quick Calculus Integrals Reference

A coil inductance formula is based on the basic loop inductance. Inductance is the ability to store energy in a magnetic field, and coils are a common way to create inductance. Many magnetic field coupling circuits, such as chokes and transformers, take advantage of a coil’s magnetic storage properties.

An Engineers Quick Calculus Derivatives and Limits Reference

An Engineers Quick Trigonometry Laws and Identities Reference

The rectangle loop is often found in windings for transformers or ferrite cores.

An Engineers Quick Trigonometry Definition Reference

An Engineers Quick Geometry Reference

An Engineers Quick Algebra Reference

The inductance of a wire loop is a common textbook example of a circuit with inductance. The variables used in this tool are the diameter of the wire conductor and the diameter of the wire loop. This calculation is for loop and self inductance they are the same for this example.

The inductance calculated in this tool is the loop inductance created with the wire and its return path on the ground plane. Note this is not the self-inductance of the wire but, rather, a closed loop. The inductance allows one to understand the amount of energy that can be stored in magnetic fields

The inductance of a coax cable can be useful to know. The variables needed in calculating this inductance are center conductor diameter, distance to outer shield, and length. You might notice that the diameter of the outer shield is not required. It is assumed that this shield is sufficiently thick. This calculation is for a loop inductance where the outer shield is the return path for the center conductor.

This tool is a unit converter for voltage and power. There is an input for impedance that allows the relationship between power and voltage. For the calculation, Vrms is used.

The inductance for the two wire inductance might be useful in measuring the inductance for a signal and ground on a ribbon cable. The inputs to this calculator are length distance between the two conductors and diameter of the wire. These two signals make a complete loop.

Crosstalk is unwanted coupled energy between traces. There are two types: forward and backward. This tool calculates backward crosstalk, which is usually the dominant crosstalk component.

Crosstalk is unwanted coupled energy between traces. There are two types: forward and backward. This tool calculates backward crosstalk, which is usually the dominant crosstalk component.

The inductance calculated in this tool is the self-inductance, which is used in some simulations and is only part of a total loop inductance. In this tool, the variables required are length and wire diameter. Notice that there is not a return path referenced in this inductance estimator. When calculating a loop inductance, the self-inductance as well as the mutual inductance to the return path and the return path's self-inductance are accounted for.

Standard Resistor Tables (Based on EIA Preferred Values)

The T match circuit is so named because the circuit topology resembles the letter “T”. This tool helps you create a matching circuit so that optimal power transfer occurs between unmatched loads. This technique doesn’t work for wideband requirements, but it is a simple way to achieve this at a specific frequency. This calculator will give you the circuit topology as well as the component values.

The Pi match circuit is so named because the circuit topology can resemble a pi symbol. This tool helps you create a matching circuit so that optimal power transfer occurs between unmatched loads. This technique doesn’t work for wide band requirements, but is a simple way to achieve this at a specific frequency. This calculator will give you the circuit topology as well as the component values.

The L match circuit is so named because the circuit topology can resemble the letter “L”. This tool helps you create a matching circuit so that optimal power transfer occurs between unmatched loads. This technique doesn’t work for wideband requirements, but it is a simple way to achieve this at a specific frequency. This calculator will give you the circuit topology as well as the component values.

The edge coupled differential microstrip transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. There are four types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of the differential microstrip transmission line.

The wire microstrip transmission line is similar to a standard microstrip transmission line, but with a round conductor. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of the wire microstrip transmission line.

A resistor is perhaps the most common building block used in circuits. Resistors come in many shapes and sizes. This tool is used to decode information for color banded axial lead resistors.

The microstrip is a very simple yet useful way to create a transmission line with a PCB. There are some advantages to using a microstrip transmission line over other alternatives. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. By understanding the microstrip transmission line, designers can properly build these structures to meet their needs.

A resistor is perhaps the most common building block used in circuits. Resistors come in many shapes and sizes. This tool is used to decode information for color banded axial lead resistors.

Two conductors can create a transmission line. To make an effect transmission line with two wires it is best to create a twisted pair. Often when working with wires it is easy to create large return path loops if one is not paying close attention. The twisted pair helps create a more uniform inductance and capacitance per unit length of wire to ensure a constant impedance, by keeping the return path as close to the signal as possible.

Perhaps the most common type of transmission line is the coax. The coax is a good way to create a transmission line. Understanding coax can be helpful when working with it. The nice part about coax is that it can be bent and flexible unlike most pcb transmission lines.

PCB Differential Broadside Coupled Stripline Impedance Calculator

The edge couple differential symmetric stripline transmission line is a common technique for routing differential traces. There are four different types of impedance used in characterizing differential trace impedances. This calculator finds both odd and even transmission line impedance. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of the edge couple differential stripline transmission line.

The wire stripline transmission line is similar to a standard stripline transmission line, but with a round conductor. Modeling approximation can be used to understand the impedance of the wire stripline transmission line.

The asymmetric stripline transmission line is most commonly found in a pcb, where the distance from trace to planes is not the same distance above and below. The ability to model this impedance is useful because it can often be found in designs. Modeling approximation can be used to design the asymmetric stripline trace. By understanding the asymmetric stripline transmission line, designers can properly build these structures to meet their needs.

The symmetric stripline is a reliable method for creating a transmission line. The stripline is a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) transmission line. Modeling approximation can be used to design the microstrip trace. By understanding the stripline transmission line, designers can properly build these structures to meet their needs.

The embedded microstrip is similar in construction to the microstrip transmission line. Modeling approximation can be used to design the embedded microstrip trace. By understanding the embedded microstrip transmission line, designers can properly build these structures to meet their needs.

A resistor is perhaps the most common building block used in circuits. Resistors come in many shapes and sizes. This tool is used to decode information for color banded axial lead resistors.

PCB Trace Resistance Calculator

Calculate the maximum current of a trace

Calculate the maximum current of an internal trace

Calculate the required trace width for a specified current

Based on the charts found in IPC-2221, this tool calculates the width of an internal trace necessary to carry the specified current. Also calculated are the trace's temperature, resistance, voltage drop, and power dissipation.